Entomophagy and Entomotherapy in Arunachal Pradesh, India: Traditional Knowledge, Bioactive Compounds, and Prospects for Drug Discovery
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59436/ijpsr.v2i2.17.3139-342XKeywords:
Entomotherapy & Entomophagy, Bioactive Compound ,Traditional Folk Medicine, North East India (Arunachal Pradesh), Natural Product, Biological ActivitiesAbstract
Nature is the ultimate source of all life supporting and lifesaving resources since beginning of human civilizations. Penicillin, aspirin and morphine are the most remarkable example of nature’s gifted medicine to serve human kind. Since Australopithecus, insects are indispensable part of human beings, which impressions can be seen in different ethnic groups as well as in modern society of India, or other parts of developing countries. These ethnic group’s food habit inspired scientists and academicians to discover new natural bioactive compounds for drug discovery which has primarily focused on entomophagy as well as entomotherapy which has been in human practice in conjunction with medicinal plants, that is an important alternative to modern medicine in various parts of the world. North east Indian states are well known for their rich biodiversity of flora and fauna along with the different food habit from rest of the India. They used various insect for nutritional supplements as folk medicine to cure body ailments. Number of edible or useful insects varies from state to state and their tribes too. In Arunachal alone around 200 insect’s species consumed or used in any way by their ethnic people, whereas significantly less in other neighbouring states. Number of insect’s species chosen by the ethnic people on the basis of their traditional belief, knowledge, taste as well as seasonal and regional availability. This review gives an overview and future prospects of current traditional food supplements or taste enhancer and medicinal application of insects and their bioactive compound characterization is summarized here. Most popular insects are ants, beetles, wasps, bugs, termites, moths, flies, cockroaches and many more. Biological activities of natural products obtained from insects contain antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal anticancer and immunomodulatory properties with reference to alkaloids, flavonoids, volatile compounds, Phenolic compounds, polyphenols that are being used by the tribes of Arunachal Pradesh in association with their social and cultural believes.
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